Download Congressman Miller’s Complete Report (PDF) Users of State-Provided Health Insurance Programs The Real Facts About Wal-Mart

Wal-Mart’s rock bottom wages and benefits cost taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars a year in basic housing, medical, childcare, and energy needs that the retailer fails to properly cover for its employees, according to a 2004 report released by Congressman George Miller (D-CA). Specifically, the report examined the following areas of Wal-Mart’s poor labor practices:

• Low wages. In 2001, Wal-Mart paid its employees an average $8.23 per hour, compared with $10.35 for an average supermarket worker.
  • Unequal pay for equal work. Wal-Mart is now the subject of a sweeping class action lawsuit, involving more than one million current and former women employees of Wal-Mart as plaintiffs, alleging that pay and opportunities for advancement do not reach those of their male counterparts.
• Off-the-clock work. By December of 2002, 39 class action lawsuits, involving hundreds of thousands of plaintiffs, charged Wal-Mart with withholding earned wages, either by deleting hours from time sheets or forcing workers to work unpaid overtime hours.
• Unaffordable and unavailable healthcare. While 66 percent of employees at large firms like Wal-Mart receive health benefits from their employer, only 41 to 46 percent of Wal-Mart employees do. In 2002, Wal-Mart adopted new policies that force employees to wait longer before having enough tenure to qualify for benefits.
  • Wal-Mart has also shifted more of the cost for health care premiums onto its workers. Wal-Mart even encourages its employees to seek charitable and public assistance for meeting their health care needs. A UC-Berkeley study found that California taxpayers subsidized $20.5 million worth of medical care in that state alone.
• Costs to Taxpayers. The report estimates the costs borne by taxpayers for things like medical insurance and housing assistance for Wal-Mart employees that can’t afford them because of their low wages and benefits. The report shows that taxpayers would have to pick up $420,750 per year for a hypothetical Wal-Mart store employing 200 people. These costs (which will vary based on the number of people employed in any one store) include:
  • $36,000 a year for free and reduced lunches for 50 qualifying Wal-Mart families;
  • $42,000 a year for Section 8 housing assistance, assuming three percent of the store’s employees qualify for such assistance;
  • $125,000 a year for federal tax credits and deductions for low-income families, assuming 50 employees are heads of household with a child and 50 are married with two children;
  • $100,000 a year for additional Title I education funds, assuming 50 Wal-Mart families, each with an average of two children, qualify;
  • $108,000 a year for children’s health insurance costs, assuming 30 employees, each with an average of two children, qualify for the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP); and
  • $9,750 a year for subsidies for energy assistance for low-income families.
• Child labor. An internal Wal-Mart audit turned up thousands of cases of young employees working too late, working during school hours, or working for too many hours a day, in violation of U.S. child labor laws.
• Undocumented workers. News reports and other evidence show that Wal-Mart executives knowingly hired undocumented workers as janitors in their stores, and then forced them to work long hours for little pay – $325 for 60-hour, seven-day weeks, for eight straight months, according to one worker.
• Exploiting foreign labor. In 2002, Wal-Mart purchased 10 percent of all Chinese goods imported into the U.S. And workers in countries like China, Bangladesh, and Honduras are suffering because of the stringent demands Wal-Mart makes of its suppliers. One factory worker reported working 19-hour days for 10- to 15-day stretches to meet Wal-Mart’s price demands.
• Organizing rights. Wal-Mart has aggressively sought to discourage – even intimidate – workers from exercising their right to form a union. Wal-Mart even provides a hotline for its managers to call when they suspect union-organizing activities; on the other end are specialists trained to head off organizing efforts.
• Disability discrimination. Wal-Mart has been the subject of numerous lawsuits alleging discrimination in hiring towards people with disabilities.
• Worker safety. A recent report provided evidence of Wal-Mart’s policy of locking workers inside stores overnight. In some cases, workers were told not to use emergency exits in any but the most serious emergencies. In some cases, sick or injured workers had to wait for the start of the morning shift, when managers with keys arrived to unlock the doors.

“Wal-Mart’s slogan should be ‘always low wages, always,’” said Miller when he unveiled the report. “There’s no question that Wal-Mart imposes a huge, often hidden, cost on its workers, our communities, and U.S. taxpayers. And Wal-Mart is in the driver’s seat in the global race to the bottom, suppressing wage levels, workplace protections, and labor laws.”

The report also says that Wal-Mart’s response to these issues have been cosmetic. “The company has chosen to work towards improving its image, rather than work for meaningful reform of its business practices,” Miller said.